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Publication Relationship between mechanical deformation and contact force applied by a catheter tip on cardiac muscle: Experimentation and computer modeling(IEEE, 2023-08-25) Ijima, Yukako; Masnok, Kriengsak; Perez, Juan J.; González-Suárez, Ana; Berjano, Enrique; Watanabe, Nobuo; IEEEThe cardiac muscle is elastic and deformable. Pushing a catheter in contact with the cardiac muscle surface to conduct focal energy-based ablative therapies, such as RF ablation, requires an adequate electrode-tissue contact surface to transfer the energy to the target site. In this regard, the relationship between the contact force (CF) and the resulting mechanical response is still unclear, in particular, the insertion depth (ID) and the diameter of the surface deformation. The objective of this study was to quantify these relationships using an ex vivo model and a computational model. A rigid bar with a 2.3 mm diameter blunt tip (mimicking a 7Fr standard ablation catheter) was placed at a perpendicular orientation on a fragment of the porcine heart. CF values ranged from 10 to 80g. We used ANSYS to build a Mooney-Rivlig model of 3 parameters based on hyperelastic material and to simulate the same conditions as in the experiments. The experimental results showed a strong linear correlation between CF and insertion depth ID ( $\mathrm{R}^{2}=0.97, \mathrm{P} < 0.001$ ), from $0.7 \pm 0.3$ mm at 10 gto $6.9 \pm 0.1$ mm at 80 g. We also found a strong linear correlation between CF and minor and major diameters of the surface deformation assessed, from $4.0 \pm 0.4$ mm at 20 g to $10.3 \pm 0.0$ mm at 80 g ( $\mathrm{R}^{2}=0.96$ ), and from $6.4 \pm 0.7$ mm at 20 g to $16.7 \pm 0.1$ mm at 80 g ( $\mathrm{R}^{2}=0.95$ ), respectively. A descent gradient algorithm was used to minimize the mean square error (MSE) between the experimental and computational results of ID for the 10 values of CF. After trying different combinations for the3 parameters of the Mooney-Rivlig model, an optimal fit was achieved after 5 iterations, with an error of less than 0.55 mm for ID. This same mode was then used to predict the diameter of the surface deformation, obtaining an error of less than 0.65 mm. The results confirm that a Mooney-Rivlig model of three parameters based on hyperelastic material predicts the mechanical behavior of cardiac muscle reasonably well when subjected to CFs between 10 and 80 g. This information has important implications in cardiac ablative therapies based on focal energy application using a catheter tip.Publication EIT image-based bladder state classification for nocturnal enuresis(School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, 2018-06-11) Dunne, Eoghan; Santorelli, Adam; McGinley, Brian; O'Halloran, Martin; Leader, Geraldine; Porter, Emily; Boyle, Alistair; Polydorides, Nick; Jia, Jiabin; Horizon 2020; European Research Council; RESPECT; FP7 People: Marie-Curie ActionsIn this paper, we propose the use of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to support children with nocturnal enuresis. We perform the first image-based threshold classification for determining the bladder state of not full or full . The results demonstrate the strong promise for EIT as an aid for nocturnal enuresis.Publication Free water elimination and mapping from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in chronic schizophrenia(NUI Galway, 2017-06-11) Colgan, Niall; O'Reilly, David; Holleran, Laurena; Ahmed, Mohamed; McDonald, Colm; Cannon, Dara M.; |~|Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquisitions allows the comparison of diffusion characteristics in vivo and gives a unique insight into tissue structure and pathology. However, a limitation of DTI post-processing is the as-sumption of a Gaussian distribution of diffusion in neu-ral architecture. Free water modelling aims to address this issue, and we present the second application of FA of tissue and free water mapping.