New frontier in hypericin-mediated diagnosis of cancer with current optical technologies
Olivo, Malini ; Fu, Chit Yaw ; Raghavan, Vijaya ; Lau, Weber Kam On
Olivo, Malini
Fu, Chit Yaw
Raghavan, Vijaya
Lau, Weber Kam On
Repository DOI
Publication Date
2011-11-29
Keywords
hypericin, photodynamic diagnosis, fluorescence, endoscopy, urine cytology, endomicroscopy, gold nanoparticle, photothermal therapy, transitional-cell carcinoma, invasive bladder-cancer, n-methyl pyrrolidone, of-the-art, coherence tomography, photodynamic therapy, fluorescence detection, 5-aminolevulinic acid, confocal endomicroscopy, intravesical instillation
Type
Article
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Citation
Olivo, Malini; Fu, Chit Yaw; Raghavan, Vijaya; Lau, Weber Kam On (2011). New frontier in hypericin-mediated diagnosis of cancer with current optical technologies. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 40 (2), 460-473
Abstract
Photosensitizers (PSs) have shown great potentials as molecular contrast agents in photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of cancer. While the diagnostic values of PSs have been proven previously, little efforts have been put into developing optical imaging and diagnostic algorithms. In this article, we review the recent development of optical probes that have been used in conjunction with a potent PS, hypericin (HY). Various fluorescence techniques such as laser confocal microscopy, fluorescence urine cytology, endoscopy and endomicroscopy are covered. We will also discuss about image processing and classification approaches employed for accurate PDD. We anticipate that continual efforts in these developments could lead to an objective PDD and complete surgical clearance of tumors. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have also opened new horizons for PSs. The use of biocompatible gold nanoparticles as carrier for enhanced targeted delivery of HY has been attained. In addition, plasmonic properties of nanoparticles were harnessed to induce localized hyperthermia and to manage the release of PS molecules, enabling a better therapeutic outcome of a combined photodynamic and photothermal therapy. Finally, we discuss how nanoparticles can be used as contrast agents for other optical techniques such as optical coherence tomography and surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging.
Funder
Publisher
Springer Nature
Publisher DOI
10.1007/s10439-011-0462-7
Rights
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Ireland