In situ observation of a strong diurnal warming event in the Labrador sea undetected by satellites

Hauser, Simon F., ten Doeschate, Anneke, Ward, Brian, & Esters, Leonie. (2026). In Situ Observation of a Strong Diurnal Warming Event in the Labrador Sea Undetected by Satellites. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 131(1), e2025JC022918. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022918

Abstract

Diurnal warming (DW) at the ocean surface occurs when there is a combination of solar heating in the absence of vertical mixing typically derived from wind stress. DW has been well described, mostly from satellite data, but also with some in situ observations. Evidence of DW has mostly been restricted to the subtropics, and there are very few reports of DW at northerly latitudes. We present here observations of a DW event of 1.5°C confined to the upper 2 m in the Labrador Sea at N. These measurements were conducted with the Air-Sea Interaction Profiler (ASIP), an upwardly rising, ocean microstructure instrument. Cloud cover obscured the ocean surface to passive remote-sensing instruments and as a result no evidence of this particular DW event was available from the nine independent satellite products that were analyzed. Therefore, the event would have gone undetected without the deployment of ASIP at precisely this time and location. The ASIP observations were used to derive a heuristic set of criteria for potential occurrences of DW in the Labrador Sea region: (a) shortwave radiation above 600 W m−2 and (b) 10-m wind speed below 4 m s−1. These criteria were subsequently applied to 40 years of the ERA5 reanalysis product indicating that DW events in the Labrador Sea have the potential to occur more frequently than satellites observe. Attaching microstructure temperature sensors on Argo floats would provide a more accurate assessment of the occurrence of DW events globally as well as their effect on surface mixing rates.

Funder

University of Bonn
Formas, Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development
Research Ireland
European Union

Publisher

American Geophysical Union
Wiley

Rights

CC BY

cb

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