The effectiveness and feasibility of using ochre as a soil amendment to sequester dissolved reactive phosphorus in runoff
Fenton, Owen ; Kirwan, Laura ; Ó hUallacháin, Daire ; Healy, Mark Gerard
Fenton, Owen
Kirwan, Laura
Ó hUallacháin, Daire
Healy, Mark Gerard
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Publication Date
2011-09-14
Type
Article
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Citation
Fenton, Owen; Kirwan, Laura; Ó hUallacháin, Daire; Healy, Mark Gerard (2011). The effectiveness and feasibility of using ochre as a soil amendment to sequester dissolved reactive phosphorus in runoff. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 223 (3), 1249-1261
Abstract
Incidental losses of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) to a surface waterbody originate from direct losses during land application of fertilizer, or where a rainfall event occurs immediately thereafter. Another source is the soil. One way of immobilising DRP in runoff before discharge to a surface waterbody, is to amend soil within the edge of field area with a high phosphorus (P) sequestration material. One such amendment is iron ochre, a by-product of acid mine drainage. Batch experiments utilising two grassland soils at two depths (topsoil and sub-soil), six ochre amendment rates (0, 0.15, 1.5, 7.5, 15 and 30 g kg(-1) mass per dry weight of soil) and five P concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg L-1) were carried out. A proportional equation, which incorporated P sources and losses, was developed and used to form a statistical model. Back calculation identified optimal rates of ochre amendment to soil to ameliorate a specific DRP concentration in runoff. Ochre amendment of soils (with no further P inputs) was effective at decreasing DRP concentrations to acceptable levels. A rate of 30 g ochre kg(-1) soil was needed to decrease DRP concentrations to acceptable levels for P inputs of <= 10 mg L-1, which represents the vast majority of cases in grassland runoff experiments. However, although very quick and sustained metal release above environmental limits occurred, which makes it unfeasible for use as a soil amendment to control P release to a waterbody, the methodology developed within this paper may be used to test the effectiveness and feasibility of other amendments.
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Publisher
Springer Nature
Publisher DOI
10.1007/s11270-011-0941-3
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Ireland