A comparison of emotion annotation approaches for text

Wood, Ian D. , McCrae, John P., Andryushechkin, Vladimir , & Buitelaar, Paul. (2018). A Comparison of Emotion Annotation Approaches for Text. Information, 9(5), 117. doi: 10.3390/info9050117

Abstract

While the recognition of positive/negative sentiment in text is an established task with many standard data sets and well developed methodologies, the recognition of a more nuanced affect has received less attention: there are few publicly available annotated resources and there are a number of competing emotion representation schemes with as yet no clear approach to choose between them. To address this lack, we present a series of emotion annotation studies on tweets, providing methods for comparisons between annotation methods (relative vs. absolute) and between different representation schemes. We ï¬ nd improved annotator agreement with a relative annotation scheme (comparisons) on a dimensional emotion model over a categorical annotation scheme on Ekmanâ s six basic emotions; however, when we compare inter-annotator agreement for comparisons with agreement for a rating scale annotation scheme (both with the same dimensional emotion model), we ï¬ nd improved inter-annotator agreement with rating scales, challenging a common belief that relative judgements are more reliable. To support these studies and as a contribution in itself, we further present a publicly available collection of 2019 tweets annotated with scores on each of four emotion dimensions: valence, arousal, dominance and surprise, following the emotion representation model identiï¬ ed by Fontaine et al. in 2007.

Funder

Science Foundation Ireland
Horizon 2020

Publisher

MDPI

Rights

CC BY-NC-ND

cbn

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